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银行是破产法律关系的重要参加者,我国《商业银行法》的颁布,标志着银行作为企业法人,独立承担经营风险。所以介绍英国破产法和相关法律所规范的客户破产与银行行为,以及银行业务的实践,必然对我国今后有关破产方面的立法和实践起一定的借鉴作用,对我国银行处理客户破产时的业务实践也有一定的现实意义。 一、破产行为及其法律后果 根据英国现行《破产法》的规定,所谓破产行为,是指破产法所规定,足以构成破产申请理由的债务人的行为。它是银行与客户之间发生破产法律关系的前提。英国1914年颁布、1926年修改的《破产法》第1条规定的破产行为有八种:
The bank is an important participant in bankruptcy legal relationship. The promulgation of the “Commercial Bank Law” in our country marks the bank as an enterprise legal person and undertakes the business risk independently. Therefore, the introduction of bankruptcy and bank behavior as well as the practice of banking regulated by British Bankruptcy Law and relevant laws will inevitably provide reference for China’s future legislation and practice in respect of bankruptcy. There is also some practical significance. I. Bankruptcy and Its Legal Consequences According to the “Bankruptcy Law” in the United Kingdom, the so-called bankruptcy act refers to the act of the debtor under the Bankruptcy Law that is sufficient to constitute the justification of the bankruptcy petition. It is a prerequisite for the bankruptcy relationship between the bank and the client. There are eight types of bankruptcy under Article 1 of the Bankruptcy Law, promulgated in 1914 in the United Kingdom and amended in 1926: