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诱导和维持T细胞耐受是免疫系统区分自我和非我的关键。自身免疫调节因子(autoimmune regulator,AIRE)作为转录因子,在胸腺髓质上皮细胞中可驱动一系列组织特异抗原基因的表达,从而在诱导中枢免疫耐受的过程中发挥重要作用。外周免疫耐受的机制复杂一些,清除耐受是其重要机制之一。外周淋巴结的基质细胞可表达部分组织特异抗原,递呈给T淋巴细胞,激活并最终清除它。中枢免疫耐受和外周免疫耐受机制可清除潜在的自身反应性T淋巴细胞,维持对自身组织耐受。一旦免疫耐受被打破,将发生自身免疫反应和自身免疫疾病。
Induction and maintenance of T cell tolerance are the keys to the immune system’s distinction between self and non-self. Autoimmune regulator (AIRE), as a transcription factor, can drive the expression of a series of tissue-specific antigen genes in thymus medulla epithelial cells and play an important role in the induction of central immune tolerance. The mechanism of peripheral immune tolerance is more complex and the elimination of tolerance is one of its important mechanisms. Stromal cells from peripheral lymph nodes express part of the tissue-specific antigen, are presented to T lymphocytes, activate and eventually eliminate it. Central immune tolerance and peripheral immune tolerance mechanisms clear potential autoreactive T lymphocytes and maintain tolerance to their own tissues. Once immune tolerance is broken, autoimmune reactions and autoimmune diseases occur.