前言 生存在海洋环境中的细菌不仅是物质循环、能量代谢的主要成员之一,而且对污染物转化降解起着重要作用。因此对其生态学特征的调查研究是评价海洋状况,估价海洋自净能力不可缺少的工作。近年来石油污染已成为海洋的一个重要问题,为了寻求解决这一问题的途径,世界各国开展了许多工作。尤其引起人们注意的是海洋细菌对石油烃的降解作用。由于 Introduction Bacteria living in the marine environment are not only one of the main members of the material circulation and energy metabolism, but also play an important role in the transformation and degradation of pollutants. Therefore, the investigation of its ecological characteristics is an indispensable task in assessing the status of the oceans and appraising the self-purification capability of the oceans. In recent years, oil pollution has become an important issue for the oceans. In order to find a solution to this problem, many countries in the world have carried out many tasks. Of particular note is the degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons by marine bacteria. due to