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目的:对小儿脑梗死的病因及临床特点进行分析。方法:对2008年4月到2014年4月期间在我院接受治疗的40例脑梗死患儿进行回顾性的分析。结果:患儿的常见临床表现为,有17例肢体瘫痪,有9例中枢性面瘫,有6例惊厥,有3例意识障碍,有2例语言障碍,有2例头痛,有1例感觉障碍。对患儿的病因分析结果显示,感染16例、外伤6例、烟雾病4例、先天性心脏病3例、系统性红斑狼疮2例、HIV感染2例、原因不明7例。神经影像学检查结果显示,有30例患儿的梗死灶位于基底的节区,有4例多脑叶梗死,有2例半球梗死,有1例顶叶梗死、有1例额叶梗死、有1例叶梗死、有1例丘脑梗死。结论:儿童脑梗死的病因多为感染、外伤、心脏疾病、血管畸形等,常表现出肢体瘫痪的神经功能方面的障碍,神经影像学表明基底节区的梗死比较常见。
Objective: To analyze the etiology and clinical features of cerebral infarction in children. Methods: Forty children with cerebral infarction treated in our hospital from April 2008 to April 2014 were analyzed retrospectively. Results: The common clinical manifestations in children were paralysis of 17 limbs, 9 cases of central facial paralysis, 6 cases of convulsion, 3 cases of disturbance of consciousness, 2 cases of speech disorder, 2 cases of headache and 1 case of sensory disturbance . The etiological analysis showed that there were 16 cases of infection, 6 cases of trauma, 4 cases of moyamoya disease, 3 cases of congenital heart disease, 2 cases of systemic lupus erythematosus, 2 cases of HIV infection and 7 cases of unknown cause. Neuroimaging results showed that 30 cases of infarction in the basal ganglia, there are 4 cases of multilobar infarction, 2 cases of hemispheric infarction, 1 case of parietal infarction, 1 case of frontal lobe infarction, there are 1 case of infarction, 1 case of thalamic infarction. Conclusion: Most of the causes of cerebral infarction in children are infection, trauma, heart disease and vascular malformations, which often show neurological deficits in paralyzed limbs. Neuroimaging indicates that infarction in basal ganglia is more common.