神经内分泌(neuroendocrine,NE)细胞是存在于正常前列腺组织的一种上皮细胞。当前列腺癌患者接受内分泌治疗后,病灶内的癌细胞可能出现神经内分泌化,形成NE细胞。NE细胞产生的多种神经肽和细胞因子通过自分泌或旁分泌的机制作用于周围非神经内分泌肿瘤细胞,并导致其不依赖雄激素的生长,最终对内分泌治疗耐药。本文就前列腺癌神经内分泌化的机制及其与内分泌治疗耐药的关系进行综述。 Neuroendocrine (NE) cells are epithelial cells that exist in normal prostate tissue. Endocrine therapy in patients with prostate cancer, the lesions within the cancer cells may appear neuroendocrine, the formation of NE cells. A variety of neuropeptides and cytokines produced by NE cells act on peripheral non-neuroendocrine tumor cells through an autocrine or paracrine mechanism that results in their growth independent of androgen and ultimately resistance to endocrine therapy. This article reviews the mechanism of neuroendocrine in prostate cancer and its relationship with endocrine therapy.