目的对泰安市2011~2013年中小学生尿液筛查结果进行分析,为早期发现中小学生肾脏疾病提供依据。方法选取2011~2013年泰安市32 152名6~14岁中小学生为研究对象。对中小学生晨尿样本红细胞、尿蛋白、白细胞等指标进行检验,初筛阳性学生于2周后进行复查,对复查阳性学生最终诊断结果进行随访。并采用自制问卷对初筛阳性学生的卫生习惯、家长肾脏疾病知晓情况、尿液筛查和病史进行调查。结果初筛阳性学生2 016名(6.27%),复检阳性学生329名(1.02%)。2011~2013年男生、女生初筛、复查阳性率相近。女生初筛阳性率(9.29%)和复查阳性率(1.96%)均明显大于男生(3.78%和0.25%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。在尿检项目中,中小学生血尿阳性比例最大,初筛及复查阳性率达到了3.62%和0.68%。329名复查阳性学生最终有254名确诊患有泌尿系统疾病,总检出率为0.79%,相对于复查阳性学生,其检出率达到了77.20%。调查问卷结果显示,学生的卫生习惯较好,家长对于中小学生进行定期体检和尿液筛查非常肯定,但在中小学生肾脏病知识方面知晓方面较差,获取相关知识的途径不多。结论尿液筛查可早期发现中小学生隐匿性肾脏疾病,应在全国范围进行推行中小学生尿液筛查,预防学生肾脏疾病的发生。 Objective To analyze the urine screening results of primary and secondary school students from 2011 to 2013 in Tai’an City and provide the basis for early detection of kidney disease in primary and secondary school students. Methods A total of 32 152 primary and middle school students aged 6-14 years from 2011 to 2013 in Tai’an City were selected as research subjects. Urine samples of urine samples of primary and secondary urinary samples, urine protein, white blood cells and other indicators were tested, screening of positive students in 2 weeks after the review, review of the final diagnosis of positive students were followed up. Self-made questionnaires were used to investigate the health habits of primary screening positive students, the knowledge of parents with kidney disease, urine screening and medical history. Results There were 2 016 positive students (6.27%) and 329 positive students (1.02%). 2011 ~ 2013 boys and girls screening, review the positive rate similar. The positive rate of primary screening (9.29%) and the positive rate of reviewing (1.96%) were significantly higher in girls than in boys (3.78% and 0.25%, respectively), the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). Urine test items, primary and secondary hematuria, the largest proportion of positive, screening and review of the positive rate reached 3.62% and 0.68%. Of the 329 review positive students, 254 were diagnosed with urinary system disease in the end, with a total detection rate of 0.79%. Compared with the positive students, the detection rate reached 77.20%. The results of the questionnaire show that students have better hygiene habits. Parents are very sure about regular physical examinations and urine screening among primary and middle school students. However, knowledge of kidney disease among primary and middle school students is poor and there are not many ways to acquire relevant knowledge. Conclusion Urine screening can detect occult kidney disease of primary and middle school students early. Urine screening of primary and secondary school students should be implemented throughout the country to prevent the occurrence of kidney disease in students.