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针对河南省2004年开始实施的“省直管县”改革,本文采用基于PSM匹配的双重差分法,利用规模以上工业企业数据库,从微观企业层面对这一“准自然实验”进行了评估。本文研究发现,总体上看,省直管县政策对直管县企业的资产增长存在一定程度的促进作用。然而,从不同所有制性质的企业来看,直管政策对国有和集体企业资产增长产生持续增强的促进效应;对民营企业资产增长在实施后的3年内并没有表现出显著的促进效应;而对外资企业资产增长产生了一定程度的抑制效应。考虑到迁移企业的影响效应后,进一步的发现是,省直管县政策对民营企业资产增长并没有表现出显著的促进效应,而对外资企业资产增长产生显著的抑制效应。因此,省直管县政策事实上对资源配置效率造成扭曲,不利于经济发展方式的转型,应谨慎推广“直管县”改革。
Aiming at the reform of “provincial straight county” which was implemented in Henan Province in 2004, this paper uses the double difference method based on PSM matching and makes use of the databases of industrial enterprises above designated size to conduct this “quasi-natural experiment” from the micro-enterprise level Evaluation. This study finds that, on the whole, the policy of provincial direct counties has a certain degree of promoting effect on the assets growth of enterprises under direct jurisdiction. However, from the perspective of enterprises of different ownership types, the direct-management policies have a continuously enhanced promotional effect on asset growth of state-owned and collective enterprises; private asset growth has not shown any significant promotion effect over the three years after implementation; The growth of assets of foreign-funded enterprises has a certain degree of inhibitory effect. Taking into account the impact of the relocation of enterprises, the further discovery is that the provincial direct counties policy on the growth of private enterprises did not show a significant asset growth effect, while the growth of foreign-funded enterprises have a significant inhibitory effect. Therefore, the policy of provincial direct counties in fact distorts the efficiency of resource allocation and is not conducive to the transformation of the economic development mode. We should prudently promote the reform of “direct counties and counties.”