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印楝素对许多种昆虫具高效的拒食、胃毒、触杀及抑制生长发育的作用。其作用机制主要是扰乱昆虫的内分泌。作用靶标为脑神经分泌细胞、心侧体、前胸腺等，影响促前胸腺激素（ＰＴＴＨ）的合成与释放，减低前胸腺对ＰＴＴＨ的感应而造成２０－羟基蜕皮酮合成、分泌的不足，致使昆虫变态、发育受阻。印楝对其他一些与变态激素的合成、释放相关的组织的作用，在该文也有讨论。
Azadirachtin is an effective antifeedant, stomach poisoning, contact killing and inhibition of growth and development of many insects. Its mechanism of action is to disrupt the endocrine of insects. The target of action is brain neurosecretory cells, cardioplasty and anterior thymus, which affect the synthesis and release of pro-thymidine (PTTH), and reduce the induction of PTTH by the anterior thymus, resulting in the lack of secretion and synthesis of 20-hydroxyecdysone Insect metamorphosis, development blocked. The effects of neem on other tissues associated with the synthesis and release of abnormal hormones are also discussed in the article.