Background and Objectlve: The most effective therapy against renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is surgical treatment; however, there have been few large-scale studies that focused on the oncological outcome of this disease in China. The aim of the current study was to report the clinicopathological results and cancer-specific survival (CSS) rate in RCC patients after surgical treatment in our center. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the clinicopathological data of 336 RCC patients who underwent radical or partial nephrectorny between 1999 and 2006. Of the 336 patients, 226 were male and 110 were female; the median age was 51 years. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to identify the independent prognostic predictors for this cohort of RCC patients. Results: During follow-up, the overall 5-yeer CSS rate was 81.4%. The 5-year CSS rates for patients with stage-Ⅰ, -Ⅱ, -Ⅲ, and -V RCC were 94.7%, 88.9%, 68.8%, and 19.3%, respectively. The patients with T1NOM0 (T1) and T2NOM0 (T2) tumors had similar survival curves. For patients with T1 category tumor, the survival rate did not differ significantly between the radical nephrectomy and nephron-sparing surgery groups. For the 21 patients with metastasis confined to the local lymph nodes, the 5-yesr survival rate was 31.6% after radical nephrectomy and lymph node dissection. For the 15 patients with vena cavai tumor thrombus, the 5-year survival rate was 52.5% after radical nephrectomy and tumor thrombus extirpation. Multivariate Cox regression showed that stage was an independent predictor for CSS (hazard ratio, 3.359; P ＜ 0.001). Conclusions: For localized RCC, the oncological outcome of this cohort is comparable to that reported in the Westem literature. For some patients with locally advanced RCC, aggressive surgical treatment can lead to better long-term survival. However, the prognosis of the patients with metastasis still needs to be improved.