儒家的目的是实现天下有道,其政治思路是修己治人。但是,修己只是治人的必要条件而非充分条件,治人要有机遇,修己成功并不一定有机会治人。对于这一内在矛盾,儒家以其安身立命之道加以解决。儒家认为,存在两种命,一种是外在命运之命,个人意志能力难以控制,治人所需机遇即属于此;一种是内在德性之命,是个人意志的自由领域,修己即属于此。尽管修己不一定能治人,作为儒者,仍应把修己治人作为自己的事业、命,积极争取治人的机会,遇时积极行道,不遇时仍积极修己,顺命安命。不管遇与不遇,身心均应安立在修己治人的政治理想上。 The purpose of Confucianism is to realize the proper way around the world. Its political thinking is to rule one’s own country. However, self-improvement is a necessary but not sufficient condition for governing a person. To rule a person has the opportunity to succeed in self-cultivation and does not necessarily have a chance to govern people. For this internal contradiction, Confucianism is resolved in its peaceful way. Confucianism believes that there are two kinds of life, one is the life of external destiny, the ability of individual will is difficult to control, and the opportunities needed for governing belong to this. The other is the life of inner virtue, the free will of individual will, That belongs to this. Although self-improvement may not rule people, as a Confucian, it is still necessary to regard self-sacrificing people as their own undertakings and lives and actively seek opportunities to govern people. When they encounter problems, they should actively pursue self-improvement and take their own lives. Regardless of encounter and untouchable situation, both body and mind should be established in the political ideal of self-governing.