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目的:探讨超声三维剪切波弹性成像技术(3D-SWE)在人表皮生长因子受体2(HER-2)阳性乳腺癌患者新辅助化疗疗效评价中的应用价值。方法:选取2018年9月至2019年2月在河南省人民医院经活检穿刺证实为HER-2阳性的乳腺癌患者43例，共43个病灶。在每个化疗周期前均行常规超声检查，在三维弹性和灰阶模式下选取感兴趣区后，自动生成肿块的横切面、纵切面和冠状面的剪切波等相关数据。以手术组织病理学结果为金标准，分为病理完全缓解组(pCR)和非pCR组。测量并比较两组患者新辅助化疗各周期病灶最大弹性硬度值(Emax)及其降低程度(ΔEmax)。采用灵敏度、特异度和受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)的曲线下面积等指标评价3D-SWE技术预测新辅助化疗疗效的准确性。结果:pCR组18例，非pCR组25例，pCR组和非pCR组乳腺癌患者的临床病理特征差异无统计学意义(均n P>0.05)。与新辅助化疗前比较，化疗期间pCR组和非pCR组的Emax值均有不同程度的降低，且pCR组患者在化疗前和每个化疗周期后的Emax值均小于非pCR组(均n P0.05). Compared with pre-chemotherapy, the Emax values of pCR group and non-pCR Group during chemotherapy were declined (n P<0.05). Moreover, the Emax values of pCR group before and after chemotherapy were lower than those of non-pCR group (n P<0.05). At the end of the first cycle of chemotherapy, the predictive specificity, sensitivity and area under the curve (AUC) of pCR group were 72.0%, 83.3% and 0.838 (95%n CI=0.680~0.930) respectively when the cutoff value of Emax was 118 kPa. At the end of the second cycle, the predictive specificity, sensitivity and AUC of pCR group were 76.0%, 83.3% and 0.863 (95%n CI=0.720~0.940) respectively when the cutoff value of Emax was 87 kPa. At the end of the third cycle, the predictive specificity and sensitivity and the AUC of the pCR group were 88.0%, 77.8% and 0.893 (95%n CI=0.760~0.970) when the cutoff value of Emax was 57 kPa. At the end of the fourth cycle of chemotherapy, the predictive specificity, sensitivity and AUC of pCR group were 92.5%, 88.9% and 0.960 (95%n CI=0.850~0.990) respectively when the cutoff value of Emax was 30 kPa. After one cycle of NAC, the predictive sensitivity and specificity and AUC of pCR group were 88.0%, 60.0%, and 0.719 (95%n CI=0.620~0.890) when the cutoff value of ΔEmax was 16.8%. After two cycles, the predictive sensitivity, specificity and AUC of pCR group were 55.5%, 80.0% and 0.712 (95% n CI=0.550~0.840) when the cutoff value of ΔEmax was 34.9%. After three cycles, the predictive sensitivity, specificity and AUC of pCR group were 67.4%, 81.2% and 0.779 (95% n CI=0.680~0.930) when the cutoff value of ΔEmax was 55.2%. After four cycles, the predictive sensitivity, specificity and AUC of pCR group was 72.3%, 92.0% and 0.831 (95% n CI=0.690~0.930) when the cutoff value of ΔEmax was 75.1%.n Conclusion:The Emax and ΔEmax values measured by 3D-SWE technology can predict the curative effect of NAC for breast cancer.