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巷道围岩破坏的原因、范围与形状和塌落拱形成的理論根据。正如許多人所指出的一样,巷道开成后,围岩任何一点的新应力超过岩石强度(包括抗压及抗拉强度)就必然破坏,在实际观察中,巷道的破坏情况有三种:①两帮稳定,頂板不稳定(破环),②两帮及頂板都不稳定(破坏)和③两帮、頂板和度板都不稳定(破坏)。茲将三种不同情况的理論分析列下。 (1) 两帮稳定,頂板不稳定: 这个现象是地下巷道,特別是岩石比较不軟的巷道破坏的一种普遍现象。非常明显,这种情况是巷道开成后,两帮的新应力沒有超过岩石抗压强度,而巷道頂板新应力超过了岩石强度造成的。被破坏了的岩石塌落后,便使巷道形成了通称为:“塌落拱”的一个拱形,同时岩石也停止破坏,巷道进入稳定状态。
The reason, scope and shape of the roadway surrounding rock destruction and the theoretical basis for the formation of collapsed arch. As many have pointed out, after the tunnel is opened, any new stress on the surrounding rock is bound to be destroyed over the rock strength (including compressive strength and tensile strength). In the actual observation, there are three kinds of damage in the roadway: ① Two To help stabilize the roof unstable (broken ring), ② both the top and the roof are unstable (damage) and ③ two, roof and board are not stable (destruction). Here are three theoretical analyzes of different situations. (1) Two stables, unstable roof: This phenomenon is a common phenomenon of underground tunnels, especially those with less soft rocks. Obviously, this is the case when the tunnel is opened, the new stress of the two gangs does not exceed the rock compressive strength, and the new stress in the roof of the roadway exceeds the rock strength. After the collapsed rocks collapsed, the tunnel formed an arch called “slump arch”, and the rock stopped destroying and the roadway stabilized.