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美是人类实践活动中合规律性与合目的性高度统一的体现,其本质是自由。19世纪中叶以来,工程和艺术活动在理念、方法上相互渗透并互为手段,促进了它们各自的发展;工程技术的发展也大大地拓展了人们的审美领域,改变了人们的审美观念,显示了一种不同于艺术品的工程和技术产品自身的美。工程中的美是一种与实用功能相统一的美,它直接显示在材料、结构、工艺和功能中,并表现为人—机和谐和人工物与自然的和谐。审美因素贯穿了工程活动中设计、建造、使用的每一环节,同时它也作为一种内在的尺度影响着一般的工程方法与原则。力图在实现完美功能的基础上满足人类的更丰富的精神需求,已成为今天工程的发展趋势。
The United States is a highly unified manifestation of the relationship between the law and the purpose in human practice. Its essence is freedom. Since the middle of the 19th century, engineering and art activities have permeated each other in concept and method and promoted each other’s own development. The development of engineering technology has also greatly expanded people’s aesthetic fields, changed people’s aesthetic concepts and displayed A different from the art of engineering and technical products of their own beauty. Beauty in engineering is a kind of beauty united with practical functions, which is directly displayed in materials, structures, processes and functions, and manifests itself as human-machine harmony and harmony between artificial objects and nature. Aesthetic factors run through every aspect of the design, construction, and use of engineering activities, and at the same time, they affect the general engineering methods and principles as an intrinsic measure. Striving to meet the more spiritual needs of mankind on the basis of achieving perfect functions has become the development trend of today’s engineering.