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目的了解中国农村在校中学生受忽视状况,为改善学生受忽视现状和促进健康发展提供科学依据。方法根据多阶段分层整群抽样原则,随机抽取9个省、直辖市中28个县共8 252名12~17岁在校中学生,男女比例均衡。采用“中国农村12~17岁中学生忽视评价常模”中规定的量表进行问卷调查。应用SPSS 13.0软件对数据进行统计学描述、χ2检验、方差分析等统计学处理。结果中国农村12~17岁中学生总忽视率为47.3%,总忽视度为(49.40±9.48),不同学段与不同性别学生忽视率与忽视度差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05);不论按性别或是年级分组,12~17岁中学生在忽视的6个层面忽视率差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05),但男生和女生在情感、安全和社会忽视层面上以及初中生和高中生在情感忽视上的忽视率与忽视度差异均无统计学意义(P值均>0.05)。不同家庭类型中学生忽视率与忽视度差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05)。结论中国12~17岁农村中学生受忽视状况严重。家庭、学校与社会应共同加强对农村中学生的关注并付诸于行动。
Objective To understand the neglected status of middle school students in rural China and provide scientific evidences to improve their neglected status and promote their healthy development. Methods According to the principle of multistage stratified cluster sampling, a total of 8,225 middle school students aged 12 to 17 were randomly selected from 28 counties of 9 provinces and municipalities directly under the Central Government with a balanced ratio of men to women. Questionnaire was conducted using a scale prescribed in “Neglect Evaluation Criteria of 12 ~ 17 Middle School Students in Rural China.” SPSS 13.0 software was used to carry out statistical analysis of data, χ2 test and analysis of variance. Results The total neglect rate of secondary school students aged 12-17 years in rural China was 47.3% with a total neglect rate of (49.40 ± 9.48). There was significant difference in neglect rate and neglect degree among different segments and different sexes (P <0.05) ; Regardless of gender or grade grouping, there were significant differences in neglect rates at six levels among 12-17-year-old middle school students (P <0.05), but boys and girls were significantly different in emotion, safety and social neglect level as well as There was no significant difference in neglect rate and ignorance between junior high school students and high school students in neglect of emotion (all P> 0.05). The differences of neglect rate and neglect degree among different family types were statistically significant (P <0.05). Conclusion Chinese rural middle school students aged 12 to 17 are neglected. Families, schools and society should jointly strengthen the attention and action of rural middle school students.