施氮量对麦后直播棉钾素吸收利用的影响

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以早熟棉‘中棉所50’为材料,于2013—2014年在南京市江苏省农业科学院棉花试验站进行麦后直播棉花试验,研究施氮量(0、60、120、150、180、240 kg N·hm~(-2))对棉株钾素吸收和利用的影响.结果表明:增施氮肥提高了麦后直播棉不同生育阶段的钾吸收量,以盛花到见絮期的钾积累增量最大;并且改变了麦后直播棉不同生育时期的钾吸收比例,使棉花出苗到盛花期的钾吸收比例降低,盛花到吐絮期的钾吸收比例升高;增施氮肥还降低了生育后期上部位果枝钾浓度的下降速率,但加速了中下部果枝钾浓度的下降速率.随施氮量增加,钾吸收的边际效应呈先升高后降低趋势,而钾的皮棉生产效率均呈线性降低,其降低趋势表现为下部果枝最大,上部果枝次之,中部果枝最低.麦后直播棉钾素和生物量累积以中、下部果枝为主,在150~180 kg N·hm~(-2)下棉花各果枝部位干物质和钾在生殖器官中的分配比例较高,钾浓度和钾累积量动态特征参数比较协调,利于产量形成;高于180 kg N·hm~(-2)导致皮棉产量增幅下降,氮素对钾吸收的边际效应和钾的皮棉生产效率较低;低于150 kg N·hm~(-2)时,中下部果枝干物质和钾的经济系数较低,不利于高产形成. Cotton with early maturity cotton ’Zhongmian 50’ was used to test the direct-seeding cotton at the Cotton Experiment Station of Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences in Nanjing City from 2013 to 2014 to study the effects of nitrogen application rate (0, 60, 120, 150, 180, 240 kg N · hm -2 on K absorption and utilization in cotton plants.The results showed that increasing N fertilizer increased potassium uptake in different growth stages of direct seeding cotton, Increase the maximum; and change the percentage of potassium absorption in different growth stages of direct seeding cotton after wheat, decrease the proportion of potassium absorption from cotton emergence to full bloom, and increase the proportion of potassium absorption from full bloom to boll opening; increase nitrogen fertilizer also reduce the later growth period But decreased the rate of potassium concentration in middle and lower branches.With the increase of nitrogen application rate, the marginal effect of potassium absorption increased first and then decreased, while that of potassium lint decreased linearly , The decreasing trend was the largest fruiting branch in the lower part, the second fruiting branch in the upper part and the lowest fruiting branch in the middle part.With the increase of 150-180 kgN · hm -2 of post-harvest cotton K and the accumulation of biomass, Cotton under the branches of all kinds of dry matter and potassium in the genitals And the dynamic characteristics of potassium concentration and potassium accumulation are in good agreement with each other, which is conducive to the yield formation. When the nitrogen content is higher than 180 kg N · hm -2, the increase of lint yield decreases and the marginal effect of nitrogen on potassium absorption and Potassium lint production efficiency is low; lower than 150 kg N · hm -2, the economic coefficient of dry matter and potassium in the middle and lower branches of fruit are lower, which is not conducive to the formation of high yield.
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