Studies made in the last twenty years and more have shown that alkaline metasomatism (AM) is far more exstensive and important in metallogenesis and rock-forming processes than what have been recognized up to date. In this paper geochemical essential of the AM, which is closely related to the ore formation of a series of oxygenfile and chalcofile elements, and their dozens of mineralization types are discussed. In fact, the so-called hydrothermal process is mainly represented by the AM. The AM is also a fundamental mechanism of formation of the rocks such as granite, migmatite, agpaite, carbonatite, spilitekeratophyre, etc., which are intimately connected with the degassing, dewatering, dealkalinizing from the mantle, Studies made in the last twenty years and more have shown that alkaline metasomatism (AM) is far more exnsive and important in metallogenesis and rock-forming processes than what have been recognized up to date. In this paper geochemical essential of the AM, which is closely related to the ore formation of a series of oxygenfile and chalcofile elements, and their dozens of mineralization types are discussed. In fact, the so-called hydrothermal process is primarily represented by the AM. The AM is also a fundamental mechanism of formation of the rocks such as granite, migmatite, agpaite, carbonatite, spilitekeratophyre, etc., which are intimately connected with the degassing, dewatering, dealkalinizing from the mantle,