[目的]了解5.12地震后6～12月四川德阳地区2～6岁儿童心理行为现状,及时采取相应早期干预,保障儿童灾后心理重建工作顺利进行。[方法]随机整群抽样方式抽取各调查幼儿园2～6岁男女儿童1715例,采用美国Achen-back’s,(CBCL2～3岁及4～16岁家长用)量表进行问卷。与该市2005年756例相同年龄和相同调查方法的结果前后比较分析。[结果]地震对于女童的心理行为影响较为突出,2～3岁组女童攻击,破坏行为明显减少。灾后心理行为异常最多的为4～5岁组,而4～5岁组问题集中在女童,女童行为因子特点主要是性问题、躯体诉述减少,不成熟行为增多。[结论]地震灾区(德阳)儿童心理健康问题呈现的问题已经明显,特别是女童,应该引起相关部门高度重视。 [Objective] To understand the current psychological status of children aged 2-6 years in Deyang area of ​​Sichuan Province from June to December after the 5.12 earthquake and take appropriate early intervention in time to ensure the smooth progress of post-disaster psychological reconstruction. [Methods] Random sampling method was adopted to collect 1715 male and female children from 2 to 6 years old in kindergarten. Achen-back’s (CBCL2 ~ 3 years old and parents of 4 ~ 16 years old) scales were used in the questionnaire. With the city in 2005 756 cases of the same age and the same survey results before and after comparative analysis. [Results] The earthquake had a more prominent effect on the girl’s psychological behavior. The attack and vandalism of girls aged 2-3 was significantly reduced. The most frequent psychological behavior after the disaster was 4 to 5 years old group, while the problems of 4 to 5 years old group focused on girls, while the behavioral factors of the girls were mainly sexual problems, decreased physical complaints and increased immature behaviors. [Conclusion] The problems appearing in the psychological health problems of children in earthquake-stricken areas (Deyang) have been obvious. Especially for girls, the relevant departments should attach great importance.