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在受潮汐影响的黄浦江建闸坝会引起闸下河段的潮波变形。利用三维水动力数学模型模拟研究黄浦江建闸后闸下河段潮波变形情况,并进行了机理分析,为闸址选择提供重要参考。研究结果表明,闸下河段潮波变形主要表现为高潮位抬升、低潮位降低、潮差增大、涨潮历时缩短、落潮历时增加,且闸下高水位雍高由闸向口外逐渐减小。潮汐河口的潮波变形的主要原因是河口涨潮量与闸下河段水体容量之间的不匹配引起的潮汐动能与势能之间的转换,当河道容量小于涨潮量时,潮波变形以潮波高频振荡为主,且随离河口距离增大震荡频率减小、水位雍高增大:当河道容量与涨潮量接近时,水位雍高最大;当河道容量大于涨潮量时,潮波变形仍以水位雍高为主,随闸位上移水位雍高逐渐减小。
Tidal flats in the Huangpu River dam will cause flood wave deformation. The three-dimensional hydrodynamic model was used to simulate the deformation of the tidal waves in the lower reach of the Huangpu River after the sluice gates were established. The mechanism analysis was carried out to provide an important reference for the selection of sluice sites. The results show that the tidal wave deformation in the lower reaches of the gates is mainly caused by elevation of the high tide, low tide level, tidal range increase, shortening of the tide and ebb tide, and the ebb tide lasted longer and longer. The main reason for the tidal wave deformation in the tidal estuary is the conversion between tidal kinetic energy and potential energy caused by the mismatch between the tidal volume at estuary and the volume of water in the lower reaches of the floodgate. When the channel capacity is less than the tidal volume, High-frequency oscillation, and with the distance from the mouth to increase the oscillation frequency decreases, the water level Yong Gao increased: when the river volume and the tide volume close to the water level Yong maximum; when the channel capacity is greater than the tide volume, the tide deformation is still water level Yong-based, with the lock bit water level Yonggao gradually reduce.