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文章利用甘南藏族自治州合作市藏族、回族和汉族居民调查数据,分析了典型区域的族际就业差距及影响因素。主要发现:第一,扣除教育等因素的影响后,民族身份存在一个影响个人职业获得的净效应。在获得高层次职业方面,藏族拥有明显优势,汉族居中,回族处于劣势。第二,甘南藏区高层次白领职业领域的藏族-汉族差距很小,该结果不支持有些西方研究者所说的汉族不成比例地占据了少数民族聚居地区高层次职业岗位的观点。第三,受教育水平、年龄、城镇户口等因素对个体的职业获得有重要影响。第四,民族区域自治制度和民族政策有助于提升民族自治地方的主体少数民族群体(藏族)的职业获得水平。
Based on the survey data of Tibetan, Hui and Han residents in the cooperative cities of Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, the article analyzes the inter-ethnic employment gap and its influencing factors in typical regions. The main findings are as follows: First, after deducting the influence of education and other factors, the national identity has a net effect on the personal career acquisition. The Tibetans have obvious advantages in obtaining high-level occupations. The Han people are in the middle and the Hui people are at a disadvantage. Second, the small gap between Tibetans and Han nationals in the high-level professional white-collar areas in Gannan Tibetan area does not support the view that some Handeds in the West have disproportionately occupied the high-level occupational positions inhabited by minority nationalities. Third, the level of education, age, urban hukou and other factors have an important impact on the career of individuals. Fourth, the system of ethnic regional autonomy and ethnic policies help to raise the professional attainment of ethnic minorities (Tibetan), the majority ethnic autonomous areas.