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【目的】确定乌鲁木齐地区红枣、葡萄干、巴旦木、核桃、杏仁、杏脯等干果贮藏害虫种类及其优势种,研究优势贮藏害虫在乌鲁木齐的年生活史、不同食料对其发育历期的影响及自然天敌对其控制作用。【方法】采集不同来源贮藏害虫危害的干果,鉴定其贮藏害虫种类及优势贮藏害虫,以印度谷螟幼虫接种葡萄干研究印度谷螟在乌鲁木齐的年生活史。采用初产印度谷螟卵接种红枣、葡萄干、玉米粉、黄豆粉、人工饲料等五种食料,分析五种食料对印度谷螟卵-成虫发育历期的影响。采集野生麦蛾茧蜂成蜂接种印度谷螟幼虫,分析麦蛾茧蜂对印度谷螟幼虫的控制作用。【结果】印度谷螟在供试五种干果样品中危害比例为100%,花斑皮蠹和锯谷盗仅在部分核桃、杏干、巴旦木等干果中有危害,印度谷螟一年可发生三代。28℃、40%RH培养条件下,人工饲料、黄豆粉、红枣、葡萄干、玉米粉卵-成虫发育历期分别为(30.66±5.02)d、(53.98±5.30)d、(59.91±5.48)d、(68.54±6.16)d、(74.61±9.24)d。野生麦蛾茧蜂对印度谷螟5~6龄老熟幼虫的单雌寄生率达(43.80±20.63)%,麻痹率达100%。【结论】乌鲁木齐地区干果优势贮藏害虫为印度谷螟,印度谷螟在乌鲁木齐一年可发生三代,五种食料培养条件下印度谷螟卵-成虫发育历期由长至短依次为玉米粉>葡萄干>红枣>黄豆粉>人工饲料,人工饲料可作为印度谷螟人工繁殖饲料,野生麦蛾茧蜂对印度谷螟幼虫具有较好的控制作用,其具备较好的生防应用前景。
【Objective】 The objective of this study was to determine the species and dominant species of dried pests stored in jujube, raisins, almonds, walnuts, almonds and dried apricots in Urumqi, and to study the influence of the annual life history of dominant pests in Urumqi and their different developmental stages And natural enemies of its control. 【Method】 Dried fruits were harvested from different sources to store pests, the types of stored pests were identified, and the pests were stored for the most part. The annual life history of the Indian cutworm, Chilo suppressalis in Urumqi, was inoculated with the Indian larvae. The effects of five kinds of foodstuffs on the developmental duration of eggs and adults of Bombyx mandarina were analyzed by using the first generation Indian mealthral borer inoculation with five kinds of foodstuffs including jujube, raisin, corn flour, soybean meal and artificial diet. The wild calluses were collected into adult bee larvae to infect the stinkbug beetle, and the control effects of the calyx beetle on the larvae of the rice borer were analyzed. 【Result】 The results indicated that the damage percentage of Indian rice stem borer was 100% in five kinds of dried fruits samples, the damage was only in some walnut, dried apricot, Three generations can occur. The developmental durations of eggs, adults, artificial diet, soybean meal, red dates, raisins and corn meal were (30.66 ± 5.02) d and (53.98 ± 5.30) days and (59.91 ± 5.48) days at 28 and 40% , (68.54 ± 6.16) d, (74.61 ± 9.24) d. The parasitism rate of the single-female with 5-sixth-mature larvae was 43.80 ± 20.63% and the paralytic rate was 100%. 【Conclusion】 The dried pests of dried fruits in Urumqi are Indian Chilo suppressalis, and the Indian Chilo suppressalis can survive in Urumqi for three generations a year. The developmental duration of the eggs and adults of Chilo suppressalis follows the order of corn meal> raisin > Jujube> soybean meal> artificial feed and artificial feed can be used as artificial breeding feed for Indian rice stem borer. Wild corn borer has better control effect on Indian corn borer larvae.