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当水流中含有大量泥沙,通过水轮机时,会使过流部件材料表面因疲劳和机械破坏而损坏,导致水轮机效率下降,甚至因破坏严重而报废,使电站经济效益受到重大损失。在我国西南山区和北方,对防泥沙问题,普遍较为重视,但在南方山区的小水电站,对于泥沙问题往往被人们忽视,因而造成严重恶果。例如广东省信宜县石印水电站,1982年投入运行后,由于上游水土流失严重,而原设计泥沙井效果差,致使大量推移质泥沙进入水轮机,过流部件被严重磨损,加重了水轮机的气蚀,使水轮机效率明显下降:原来导叶开度72％即可发满1000千瓦;尔后,100％开度,只能发900千瓦,运行不到5000
When the water contains a large amount of sediment, it will damage the surface of the overcurrent component due to fatigue and mechanical damage when it passes through the turbine. As a result, the efficiency of the turbine will drop, and even the scrap will be scrapped due to the serious damage. As a result, the economic benefits of the power station will be greatly impaired. In mountainous areas in southwest China and in the north, the problem of sediment control is generally given more attention. However, small hydropower stations in the mountainous areas in the south often overlook the problem of sediment, thus causing serious consequences. For example, Shiyin Hydropower Station of Xinyi County, Guangdong Province, put into operation in 1982, due to the serious soil erosion in the upper reaches and the poor performance of the original designed silt wells, resulting in a large amount of sediment entering the turbine. The over-flow components were severely worn, Cavitation, the turbine efficiency decreased significantly: the original guide vane opening of 72% can be issued over 1000 kilowatts; later, 100% open, can only make 900 kilowatts, less than 5000