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克莱斯忒涅的“与民为友”问题,事关雅典的“政治平等”制度。我们可以从希罗多德在讨论大流士及其同党关于复辟波斯君主制的阐述中获得答案的大致轮廓。在希罗多德笔下,六人团“会社”邀大流士入伙,并就推翻穆护统治后波斯实施何种政体(寡头制、民主制与君主制)展开辩论。至少对于希罗多德笔下的波斯来说,大流士是正确的,寡头制和民主制最终都会导向君主制,独裁不可避免。在此,希罗多德用prosetairizein来意指政治参与,实际上是将“会社”当作一种政治组织模型。克莱斯忒涅的“坊社”实际上是贵族“会社”的继承者。克莱斯忒涅试图让雅典人入社。他的行动和改革是由这种洞见支撑的:民主制下的邦民精神与友谊根本就不可分离;民治借由相互扶持才得以产生和维持;尤其是在民主平等的持续重建过程中,伙友身份和公民身份在民主制下是重叠的。因此,克里斯忒涅在把乡村和邻里整合进城邦的制度结构中时,再造了“会社”在政治生活中的调节功能,从而实现了“与民为友”。而坊社适合作为公民资格的基础,类似于将日常平等扩及于政治平等。如此一来,克莱斯忒涅把邻里当作会社成员,借此将“会社”最主要的政治贡献保留下来并发扬光大。
Clescene’s question of “making friends with the people” concerns the “political equality” system in Athens. We can obtain the general outline of the answer from Herodotus’s discussion of Darius and his associates’ account of the restoration of the Persian monarchy. In Herodotus’ writings, the six-member delegation invited Darius to join the ranks and debated what kind of polity (oligarchy, democracy and monarchy) Persia implemented after the overthrow of Mu-dynasty rule. Darius is right, at least for Persia in Herodotus’ writings, that oligarchy and democracy eventually lead to the monarchy, and dictatorships are inevitable. Here, Herodotus uses prosetairizein to mean political participation, in fact, “club ” as a model of political organization. Crescene’s “Square Society ” is actually the successor of the aristocracy “club ”. Clescene tried to get Athens to join. His actions and reforms are supported by this insight: the state of blessing and democracy are inseparably divisible under the democratic system; the popular rule is produced and maintained only by mutual support; especially in the ongoing reconstruction of democratic equality Friendships and citizenship overlap in democracy. Therefore, when Christeté integrated the countryside and its neighbors into the institutional structure of the city-state, he reconstructed the regulatory function of “clubs” in political life and realized “friendship with the people”. The suitability of the community as the basis of citizenship is analogous to the extension of everyday equality to political equality. As a result, Clessett regarded the neighborhood as a member of a club, thereby preserving and promoting the major political contributions of “clubs.”