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HLA抗原分为二种组织类型,Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型,由第六对染色体短臂上一个区域的基因进行编码,通称主要组织相容性复合物(MHC)。MHC这一名称意指基因产物的主要功能是自身或非自身辨认(Self/non-Self discrimination),而HLA抗原确是在组织移植中首先遇到的问题。现已明瞭,除怀孕时组织相容性的差别在调节母亲和胎儿之间的关系上可能是重要的以外,HLA抗原的主要作用不是抑制个体间的组织交换,而是识别免疫系统细胞之间的信号,促进相互间的作用,这对产生有效的免疫应答是必不可少的,不论是体液免疫、细胞免疫,或是二者兼而有之。Ⅰ型抗原包括三个系:HLA A、HLA
HLA antigens are divided into two tissue types, type I and type II, which are encoded by genes in a region on the short arm of the sixth pair known as the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). The MHC name means that the primary function of a gene product is self / non-self discrimination, and HLA antigens are indeed the first problems encountered in tissue transplantation. It is now clear that apart from the differences in histocompatibility during pregnancy which may be important in regulating the relationship between the mother and the fetus, the primary role of HLA antigens is not to inhibit the exchange of tissues between individuals but rather to identify between immune system cells Signaling and promoting interaction with each other, which is essential for generating an effective immune response, whether humoral, cellular or both. Type I antigens include three lines: HLA A, HLA