Hydraulic pumps belong to reliable long-life hydraulic components. The reliability evaluation includes characters such as long test period,high cost,and high power loss and so on. Based on the principle of energy-saving and power recovery,a small sample hydraulic pump reliability test rig is built,and the service life of hydraulic pump is predicted,and then the sampling period of reliability test is optimized. On the basis of considering the performance degradation mechanism of hydraulic pump,the feature information of degradation distribution of hydraulic pump volumetric efficiency during the test is collected,so an optimal degradation path model of feature information is selected from the aspect of fitting accuracy,and pseudo life data are obtained. Then a small sample reliability test of period constrained optimization search strategy for hydraulic pump is constructed to solve the optimization problem of the test sampling period and tightening end threshold,and it is verified that the accuracy of the minimum sampling period by the non-parametric hypothes is tested. Simulation result shows it could possess instructional significance and referenced value for hydraulic pump reliability life evaluation and the test’s research and design. Hydraulic pumps belong to reliable long-life hydraulic components. The reliability evaluation includes characters such as long test period, high cost, and high power loss and so on. Based on the principle of energy-saving and power recovery, a small sample hydraulic pump reliability test rig is built, and the service life of hydraulic pump is predicted, and then the sampling period of reliability test is optimized. On the basis of considering the performance degradation mechanism of hydraulic pump, the feature information of degradation distribution of hydraulic pump volumetric efficiency during the test is collected, so an optimal degradation path model of feature information is selected from the aspect of fitting accuracy, and pseudo life data are obtained. Then a small sample reliability test of period constrained optimization search strategy for hydraulic pump is constructed to solve the optimization problem of the test sampling period and tightening end threshold, and it is verified that t The accuracy of the minimum sampling period by the non-parametric hypothes is tested. Simulation result shows it could include instructional significance and referenced value for hydraulic pump reliability life evaluation and the test’s research and design.