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自由是近代政治思想的中心概念之一,而近代以来的自由概念又是与共同体观念分不开的。这一时期的思想家认为,只有在自由的共同体中才能实现自由。卢梭的自由观是共同体主义的自由观,强调在平等的共同体中实现自由。但是,个人自由并非等同于自由的共同体。能够真正实现卢梭式的共同体自由和个人自由的高度统一的,从最好的意义上看,只能是直接民主制。尽管如此,卢梭对共同体自由的强调,不仅启发了康德和黑格尔,从某种意义上说,还重新开启了一个共同体的哲学发挥作用的时代。
Freedom is one of the central concepts of modern political thought, and the concept of freedom since modern times is inseparable from the concept of community. Thinkers in this period believe that freedom can only be achieved in a free community. Rousseau’s concept of freedom is a community-based concept of freedom, emphasizing the realization of freedom in an equal community. However, personal freedom is not equivalent to a free community. To be able to truly achieve a high degree of unity between Rousseau’s community liberty and individual freedom, in the best sense, it can only be a direct democracy. Nevertheless, Rousseau’s emphasis on community freedom not only inspired Kant and Hegel, but also in a sense reinstated an era in which the philosophy of a community played a role.