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目的对484例HIV抗体筛查阳性样本确证检测进行分析,为艾滋病防止工作提供指导。方法选择2013年到2016年新疆塔城地区疾病预防控制中心确证实验室检出的484例初筛查阳性标本作为本次研究对象,采用第四代酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)和胶体硒试验进行复检,若其中一种检测结果为阳性,则采用免疫印迹试验(WB)予以确证检测。结果通过对484例初筛样本进行复检,得知待确证样本数为456例,占94.21%,其中HIV-1抗体为阳性者356例,阳性率为78.07%;不同来源的标本在阳性确证率上具有显著差异(P<0.05),即疾控机构高于医疗机构(90.74%>81.34%),医疗机构高于采供血机构(81.34%>12.50%)。在阳性确证样本中尤以条带gp120以及gp160的出现率最高,以p55与p39最低。不确定样本中则以p24的出现率最高。研究中随访成功58例,随访率为93.55%,未见转阳。结论在进行艾滋病毒的筛查检验时,假阳性的出现是不可避免的,为此则必须以WB实验对艾滋病毒抗体进行试验以便临床确诊,同时对于不确定样本应当做好随访工作。
Objective To analyze the confirmatory test results of 484 HIV antibody positive samples and provide guidance for the prevention of AIDS. Methods From 2013 to 2016, Totally 484 cases of primary screening positive samples from Tacheng Center for Disease Control and Prevention in Xinjiang Tiaocheng were selected as the objects of this study. The fourth generation enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) If one of the test results is positive, a Western blot test (WB) will be performed to confirm the test. Results 484 primary screening samples were reviewed, the number of confirmed samples was 456 cases, accounting for 94.21%, including HIV-1 antibody was positive in 356 cases, the positive rate was 78.07%; specimens from different sources positive confirmation (P <0.05), that is, the CDC was higher than the medical institutions (90.74%> 81.34%) and the medical institutions were higher than the blood collection and delivery institutions (81.34%> 12.50%). The highest positive rates of banding gp120 and gp160 were found in the positive samples, with p55 and p39 being the lowest. The highest incidence of p24 was found in the uncertain samples. 58 cases were followed up successfully in the study, the follow-up rate was 93.55%, no positive turning. Conclusion In the HIV screening test, the appearance of false positives is unavoidable. In order to do this, it is necessary to test the HIV antibody in WB experiments for clinical diagnosis, and follow-up work on uncertain samples should be done.