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化学元素周期系理论建立于1869年。这是近代化学和物理学中的一项伟大成就。但是这个理论并没有穷尽真理。初建立时,还是很不完善的;在以后实践中,不断地开辟继续认识真理的途径。稀有气体的发现,使周期表开辟了一个零族。1913年英国物理学家莫斯莱通过X-射线的研究,揭露了原子序数乃是原子核电荷的本质,改革了元素周期系的叙述形式:“化学元素的性质是它们的原子序数(而不是原子量)的周期性函数”。随着原子结构理论的发展,人们更深入地理解到周期律的本质原因:化学元素的周期性决定于原子电子层结构的周期性。
The theory of periodic elements of chemical elements was established in 1869. This is a great achievement in modern chemistry and physics. But this theory does not exhaust the truth. When it was first established, it was still imperfect; in the later practice, it continued to open up ways to continue to know the truth. The discovery of rare gases has opened up a group of zeros in the periodic table. In 1913, the British physicist Moseley revealed through X-rays that the atomic number is the nature of the nuclear charge, reforming the narrative form of the periodic system: “The nature of chemical elements is their atomic number (rather than atomic weight). The periodic function of ”. With the development of the theory of atomic structure, people understand more deeply the fundamental reason of the periodic law: the periodicity of chemical elements is determined by the periodicity of the electronic structure of the atom.