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本文概述了小麦远缘杂交技术的发展以及这些技术的应用对以染色体易位方式转移有益基因到普通小麦中的影响。通过对小麦远缘杂交技术的总结得出,普通小麦由于本身的多倍性,对导入的外源基因具有较强的调节能力,是适宜外源有益基因导入的良好受体。而以染色体易位方式转移有益基因是创造小麦新种质的有效方法之一,许多研究也表明以染色体易位导入的外源有益基因更利于表达。近几年,随着细胞遗传学以及其它生物技术的发展,对小麦族进化途径和染色体间的亲缘关系进一步明确,从而更便于进行易位导入的技术选择,也使得染色体易位鉴定方法更趋完善。现在已有更良好的外源导入的工具和方法,使多基因控制的外源优良性状导入成为可能。在小麦远缘杂交中染色体易位所具有的上述优势,在育种实践中逐步显示出来,为开拓小麦种质资源开创了一条新的途径。
This article outlines the development of distant wheat hybridization techniques and the impact of these techniques on the transfer of beneficial genes to common wheat using chromosomal translocations. Through summarizing the distant hybridization technology of wheat, it is concluded that the common wheat has a strong regulatory capacity for foreign genes introduced due to its own polyploidy and is a good acceptor for the introduction of exogenous beneficial genes. However, the transfer of beneficial genes by chromosomal translocation is one of the most effective methods to create new germplasm of wheat. Many researches also indicate that exogenous gene introduced by chromosomal translocation is more favorable for expression. In recent years, along with the development of cytogenetics and other biotechnologies, the phylogenetic relationship among chromosomes and the phylogenetic relationships among the wheat families has been further clarified, which makes it easier to carry out the technical selection of translocation introduction and makes the identification of chromosome translocations more tenuous perfect. Now there are better tools and methods of exogenous introduction, making it possible to introduce exogenous and excellent traits controlled by multiple genes. The advantages mentioned above in chromosomal translocation in wheat distant hybridization have been gradually demonstrated in the practice of breeding and have opened up a new avenue for exploiting wheat germplasm resources.