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前言防波堤是港口工程的重要组成部分。解放三十几年来,国内各港扩建、改建或新建港口的防波堤工程不仅能够自行设计和施工,而且还承担了国外某些大型、深水防波堤工程的设计和施工。一、防波堤的主要类型及其发展水平防波堤的结构类型主要有三种:斜波式、直墙式和特种型式。前二种为传统的重力式防波堤,第三种为新型防波堤。 (一) 斜坡堤我国有一万八千多公里的海岸,可建港的地区很多,尽管各地区的自然条件和施工条件等有所不同,但总的来讲,我国沿海一带水深较浅,波浪也不太大,所以,建造防波堤的类型以斜坡堤较为常见。我国古老的斜坡堤多是抛石堤或砌石堤,抛石堤的重量不超过1～2吨,一般在500公斤以下。干砌块石或条石护
Foreword Breakwater is an important part of port engineering. In the past 30 years since the liberation, the breakwater project of expanding, reconstructing or newly-built ports in various domestic ports can not only design and construct by itself, but also undertake the design and construction of some large-scale and deep-sea breakwater projects in foreign countries. First, the main types of breakwater and its level of development Breakwater structure types are mainly three: ramp type, straight wall type and special type. The first two are traditional gravity breakwaters, the third is a new breakwater. (I) Slopes of slopes There are over 18,000 kilometers of coasts in our country and many areas can be built. Although the natural conditions and construction conditions vary from region to region, in general, the depth of coastal areas in China is relatively shallow, Waves are not too large, so the type of construction of breakwater to ramp dikes is more common. Most of the ancient slopes in our country are riprap embankments or stone masonry banks, and the weight of the rubble dikes does not exceed 1 to 2 tons, generally below 500 kg. Dry block stone or stone care