新辅助放化疗(CRT)后行肿瘤局部切除是择期直肠癌患者的治疗方式之一。目前,鲜有针对CRT后残留肿瘤形态学和组织学特征的研究。因此,Smith FM等分析了其所在机构1997～2010年期间行CRT的220例患者的临床资料,包括肿瘤分化程度、残留病变情况、残留黏膜病变直径、淋巴血管浸润、神经浸润和淋巴结转移情况。研究结果:CRT后残留黏膜病变直径与肿瘤的病理类型密切相关(P<0.001);42例患者的肿瘤分期降到T0或T1期,其中有40例患者的残留黏膜病变直 Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (CRT) followed by tumor resection is one of the treatment of patients with elective rectal cancer. At present, there are few studies on the morphological and histological features of residual tumor after CRT. Therefore, Smith FM et al analyzed the clinical data of 220 patients who underwent CRT in their institution from 1997 to 2010, including the degree of tumor differentiation, residual disease, residual mucosal lesion diameter, lymphatic vessel invasion, nerve infiltration and lymph node metastasis. Results: The diameter of residual mucosal lesion after CRT was closely related to the pathological type of tumor (P <0.001). The tumor staging of 42 patients was reduced to T0 or T1 stage. The remaining mucosal lesions in 40 patients were straight