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目的 探讨煤矿工尘肺发病年龄、接尘工龄、晋期年限、尘肺合并结核状况及影响尘肺预后的有关因素。方法 对淮北矿区 40年来确诊的 44 2 1例尘肺患者 (死亡 10 11例、现患 3 410例 )的基本状况及发病、晋期、合并肺结核、死亡原因等资料建立数据库 ,按全国尘肺流行病学调查设计方案进行现况调查。结果 (1)淮北矿区 40年来 ,Ⅰ期尘肺患者平均接尘时间为 (2 2 .40± 2 .0 8)年 ,平均发病年龄为 (4 7.31± 2 .96 )岁。尘肺种类以煤工尘肺 (2 780例 )最多 ,占 6 2 .9% ;矽肺 (15 90例 )居第二位 ,占 36 .0 %。 (2 )尘肺平均晋期年限 :Ⅰ期→Ⅱ期 8.0 2年 ;Ⅱ期→Ⅲ期 8.6 5年。 (3)尘肺合并结核70 3例 ,占尘肺总例数的 15 .9% (70 3/ 44 2 1)。尘肺结核的病死率 (4 4.4% )远较单纯尘肺的 (18.8% )为高。 (4 )尘肺前三位死因分别是肺结核、肺癌、肺心病。结论 随作业条件的改善 ,尘肺患者的平均发病年龄逐年增高、发病工龄逐年延长。尘肺并发症严重影响尘肺患者的身体健康
Objective To explore the age of coal miners’ pneumoconiosis, the service life of dust, the years of their promotion, the status of pneumoconiosis complicated with tuberculosis and the related factors that affect the prognosis of pneumoconiosis. Methods The data of 442 1 pneumoconiosis patients (10 11 deaths and 3 410 AIDS patients) confirmed in 40 years in Huaibei Mining Area were analyzed retrospectively. The data of the incidence, the advanced stage, the combined pulmonary tuberculosis and the causes of death were established. According to the national pneumoconiosis Study survey design to investigate the status quo. Results (1) In the past 40 years in Huaibei mining area, the average dusting time of patients with stage I pneumoconiosis was (2.40 ± 2.08) years with an average age of (4.73 ± 2.96) years. Pneumoconiosis types were coal worker’s pneumoconiosis (2 780 cases), accounting for 62.9%; silicosis (15 90 cases) ranked second, accounting for 36.0%. (2) The average life expectancy of pneumoconiosis: stage Ⅰ → stage 8.0 2 years; stage Ⅱ → stage Ⅲ stage 8.6 5 years. (3) 703 cases of pneumoconiosis complicated with tuberculosis, accounting for 15.9% (70 3/44 2 1) of the total cases of pneumoconiosis. The mortality rate of pneumoconiosis (4.4%) was much higher than that of pneumoconiosis (18.8%). (4) The first three causes of pneumoconiosis are tuberculosis, lung cancer and pulmonary heart disease. Conclusion With the improvement of working conditions, the average age of patients with pneumoconiosis increased year by year, the length of service increased year by year. Pneumoconiosis complications seriously affect the health of patients with pneumoconiosis