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儒教中国的没落对儒教的存亡、发展提出的首要挑战是制度问题。儒教的现代性问题首先是制度转换或制度更新的问题 ,即儒教如何在现代性的基本政治理念的框架下给自身以一个恰当的定位、并能够积极地安置自身的问题。儒教退出公共领域这一历史性事件客观上为儒教走向独立、摆脱被政治利用的命运提供了可能。儒教藉此可以顺利地完成自身的制度更新 ,一改以往长期对世俗政治的制度依赖 ,建构自身独立的制度传统。这不仅是一项历史的任务 ,更是儒教精神之超越性、独立性的内在要求 ,是儒教的自我意识和自我确证 ,是儒教的自我主张。自由、民主将是儒教在现代社会中首要的道德担当 (moralburden)。儒教精神的实践者 ,无论是个人 ,还是团契 ,都有义务以超越性的精神推动一个社会走向自由、民主 ,都有义务以超越性的精神维护自由、民主的价值 ,完善自由、民主的社会政治实践。
The Decline of Confucianism in China The primary challenge posed to the survival and development of Confucianism is the issue of institutions. The question of the modernity of Confucianism is, above all, the question of institutional transformation or institutional renewal. That is, how Confucianism can give itself a proper orientation within the framework of the basic political ideas of modernity and can actively settle its own problems. The historic event that Confucianism withdrew from the public sphere objectively provided Confucianism with the possibility of becoming independent and freeing itself from the fate of political exploitation. By doing this, Confucianism can smoothly complete its own system renewal and change its long-term institutional dependence on secular politics so as to construct its own independent institutional tradition. This is not only a historic task, but also an inherent requirement of the transcendence and independence of Confucianism. It is Confucian self-awareness and self-confirmation, and is self-advocated by Confucianism. Freedom and democracy will be the primary moral burdens of Confucianism in modern society. Practitioners of the Confucian spirit, both individuals and fellowships, have the obligation to promote a society in a transcendent spirit toward freedom and democracy. They all have the obligation to uphold the values of freedom and democracy, improve their freedom and democracy through transcendence Social and political practice.