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聚合酶链反应(PCR)可使 DNA 靶序列酶促扩增,选择适当的寡核苷酸可检出含有靶序列的细胞。PCR 已成功地应用于诊断遗传病、人类免疫缺陷病毒感染,以及用于检出淋巴瘤患者骨髓中微量的残存瘤细胞。在淋巴瘤中,适合 PCR 的靶序列为重排 bcl-2基因。该基因是因14号染色体与18号染色体发生易位所致。作者应用此法,在一名表面看来是局限性胃淋巴瘤病人的腹膜腔灌洗物和骨髓(细胞学检查皆为阴性)中,检测出含有 bcl-2重排基因的恶性淋巴瘤细胞。报告如下:
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) allows enzymatic amplification of DNA target sequences and selection of the appropriate oligonucleotide allows the detection of cells containing the target sequence. PCR has been successfully used to diagnose genetic diseases, human immunodeficiency virus infections, and to detect traces of residual tumor cells in the bone marrow of patients with lymphoma. In lymphomas, the target sequence suitable for PCR is the rearranged bcl-2 gene. This gene is due to the translocation of chromosome 14 and chromosome 18. The authors applied this method to detect malignant lymphoma cells that contain the bcl-2 rearranged gene in a peritoneal lavage and bone marrow that appears to appear to be localized gastric lymphoma (all cytologically negative) . The report is as follows: