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目的分析气胸患者不同程度肺不张时的心电图改变。方法入选122例经X线胸片证实为气胸患者的心电图进行回顾性分析,根据肺压缩程度分为三组。轻度气胸组:肺压缩1%～20%,共33例;中度气胸组:肺压缩21%～50%,共30例;重度气胸组:肺压缩51%～100%,共59例,分析各组心电图改变及意义。结果①窦性心动过速的发生率分别为:轻度气胸组24.24%(8/33)、中度气胸组50.00%(15/30)、重度气胸组61.02%(36/59),三组间存在差异(x2=11.50,p<0.01);②左胸导联R波递增不良发生率分别为:轻度气胸组33.33%(11/33)、中度气胸组83.33%(25/30)、重度气胸组42.37%(25/59),三组间存在差异(x2=18.37,p<0.01);③左侧胸导联低电压发生率分别为:轻度气胸组9.09%(3/33)、中度气胸组30.00%(9/30)、重度气胸组10.17%(6/59),三组间存在差异(x2=15.12,p<0.01);④其余类型的心电图改变在各组间无明显差异。结论气胸患者中,不同程度肺压缩时,心电图改变,如窦性心动过速、左侧胸导联R波递增不良和左侧胸导联低电压的发生率不同,对判断病情的严重程度有一定意义。
Objective To analyze the changes of electrocardiogram in patients with pneumothorax with varying degrees of atelectasis. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on 122 electrocardiograms confirmed by X-ray in patients with pneumothorax and divided into three groups according to the degree of pulmonary compression. Mild pneumothorax group: lung compression 1% to 20%, a total of 33 cases; moderate pneumothorax group: lung compression 21% to 50%, a total of 30 cases; severe pneumothorax group: lung compression 51% to 100%, a total of 59 cases, Analysis of ECG changes in each group and its significance. Results ① The incidence of sinus tachycardia was 24.24% (8/33) in mild pneumothorax group, 50.00% (15/30) in moderate pneumothorax group, 61.02% (36/59) in severe pneumothorax group, (X2 = 11.50, p <0.01). ② The incidences of R waves in left chest lead were 33.33% (11/33) in mild pneumothorax and 83.33% (25/30) in moderate pneumothorax, respectively , 42.37% (25/59) in the severe pneumothorax group, there was a difference between the three groups (x2 = 18.37, p <0.01); ③The incidence of low voltage of the left chest lead was 9.09% ), Moderate pneumothorax 30.00% (9/30), severe pneumothorax 10.17% (6/59), there were differences among the three groups (x2 = 15.12, p <0.01); ④ The remaining types of ECG changes in each group No significant difference. Conclusion In patients with pneumothorax, different degrees of pulmonary compression, the ECG changes, such as sinus tachycardia, left chest lead R wave increments and the incidence of left chest lead voltage is different, to determine the severity of the disease there A certain meaning.