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本文围绕清末以科举为主体的选官制度的变革轨迹,系统地论及该制度的特点、变革的动议及变革过程。特别探究了选官制度的变革尤其是科举被废直接导致的三大危机:中央集权政府失却人才支撑、权威的进一步衰微、官场的混乱及吏治的腐败等政治危机,社会阶层结构分化、社会整合功能弱化等社会控制危机,仕子、传统文化、封建政治的超稳定三角支撑被打破,封建统治在骤然间失去精神支柱的文化危机,并探究了危机对时局的影响。
This article focuses on the change trajectory of the election system based on the imperial examination in the late Qing Dynasty and systematically discusses the characteristics of the system, the motions for change and the process of change. In particular, it explores the changes of the election system, especially the three major crises that led directly to the imperial examination: the loss of talented people from centralized government, the further decline of authority, the chaotic officialdom and the corruption of officials and other political crises, the structural differentiation of social stratum and the social integration Weakened functions and social control crises and other crisis, the ultra-stable triangular support of the official children, traditional culture, feudal politics was broken, the cultural crisis that the feudal rule suddenly lost spiritual pillars and explored the impact of the crisis on the current situation.