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集体行动的困境是群体合作中个人合理性和集体乐观性对立的产物,往往出现于包含一些类型的公共性或准公共性物品的合作领域之中。正如亚里士多德所言:凡是属于最多数人的公共事物常常是最少受人照顾的事物,人们关怀着自己的所有,而忽视公共的事物;对于公共的一切,他至多只留心到其中对他个人多少有些相关的事物。如何在群体合作中超越集体行动的困境,保证合作充分实施,保障目标顺利完成则成为众多学者研究探讨的中心所在。以信任、互惠规范和参与网络为核心内容的社会资本理论为解决集体行动困境提供了理论思路,以合作互利为基本前提,通过建立自主组织治理模式补充分析,将宏观的集体理性选择与微观的个体理性选择有机结合,平衡了个人利益和公共利益间矛盾,从理论上超越了集体行动的悖论。
The dilemma of collective action is the product of the antagonism between personal rationality and collective optimism in group cooperation, often occurring in areas of cooperation that include some type of public or quasi-public goods. As Aristotle put it: Public things that belong to the largest number of people are often the least caring things, people care for themselves, while ignoring public things; for public things, they only care about them Somewhat related to his personal things. How to go beyond the plight of collective action in group cooperation, ensure the full implementation of cooperation, and ensure the successful completion of the target have become the center of many scholars’ research and discussion. The theory of social capital with trust, reciprocity regulation and network participation as the core content provides a theoretical train of thought for solving the plight of collective action. Taking the cooperation and mutual benefit as the basic premise, through the supplementary analysis of the autonomous organizational governance model, the macro-collective rationality choice and the micro The organic combination of individual rational choices balances the contradiction between personal interests and public interests and theoretically goes beyond the paradox of collective action.