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自然灾害是一种自然地理现象,它越来越严重地影响着人类的生存和发展。据报道,在1971——1985年的15年间,全世界有150万人死于2305起较大自然灾害和不幸事故中。其中94%死于自然灾害或环境灾害。全球每年因灾害损失850—1200亿美元,略高于我国1984年工农业生产总值。我国更是多灾国家,世界有史以来一次死亡20万人以上的四次地震全在我国,预计到本世纪末,我国灾害总损失将达2000亿元。 “减负等于加正”。为了预防灾害,减少损失,我们首先要认识灾害。根据自然灾害的属性,我们将地球灾害分为地质灾害、地貌灾害、气象灾害、水文灾害、土壤灾害、生物灾害等,为了对灾害有一全面了解,其中也介绍一些人为灾害。
Natural disasters are a phenomenon of natural geography, which affects the survival and development of human beings more and more seriously. It has been reported that in the 15 years between 1971 and 1985, 1.5 million people worldwide were killed in 2305 major natural disasters and unfortunate accidents. 94% of them died of natural disasters or environmental disasters. The global annual loss of 850-1200 billion US dollars due to disasters, slightly higher than China’s industrial and agricultural output in 1984. China is also a disaster-stricken country. The world’s four quake-hit earthquakes lasting more than 200,000 people in history are all in our country. It is estimated that by the end of this century, the total loss of disasters in our country will amount to 200 billion yuan. “Burden equal plus plus ”. In order to prevent disasters and reduce losses, we must first understand the disaster. According to the nature of natural disasters, we classify the earth disasters into geological disasters, landform disasters, meteorological disasters, hydrological disasters, soil disasters, biological disasters, etc. In order to have a complete understanding of disasters, we also introduce some man-made disasters.