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建国初期,我国从旧社会过来的知识分子约有700多万人,主要集中在学校、文化团体、企事业单位等,是一支建设新中国不可忽视的力量。为帮助从旧社会过来的知识分子“摆脱旧社会的影响,成为新社会需要的知识分子”,中国共产党在领导发展国民经济的同时,于1951年9月到1952年冬,在全国范围内发动了一场声势浩大的知识分子思想改造运动。毛泽东还把知识分子思想改造形象地比喻为“脱裤子割尾巴”。
In the early days of the founding of New China, there were about 7 million intellectuals in our country who came from the old society, mainly in schools, cultural groups, enterprises and institutions, etc. They are a force that can not be ignored in building a new China. In order to help the intellectuals coming from the old society “get rid of the influence of the old society and become the intellectuals needed by the new society,” the CPC, while leading the development of the national economy, launched a nationwide campaign from September 1951 to the winter of 1952, A massive movement to remold intellectuals. Mao Zedong also metaphorically transformed the thinking of intellectuals to “cut his pants and cut his tail.”