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针对丽江市永胜县片角乡旱区干旱的实际情况,寻找烤烟抗旱技术措施。采用随机区组设计,通过不覆盖、增施保德微生物土壤改良剂、隔垄秸秆全覆盖、覆膜+行间秸秆覆盖、覆膜+全表面秸秆覆盖的处理,以云97为材料,研究不同覆盖方式对烤烟生理特性、产量及品质的影响。结果表明:(1)覆盖处理能促进烟株生长,各处理大田生育期较CK分别提前了2,4,4,5 d。(2)覆膜对烟株在全生育期均有增加地温的效果,而秸秆覆盖降低地温,因此覆膜+全表面秸秆覆盖各土层积温比覆膜+行间秸秆覆盖高2.38～9.25℃,除增施土壤改良剂处理外,各处理土壤含水量分别提高了2.44%,2.99%,4.58%,覆盖措施促进烟株叶绿素合成,前期效果更为明显。(3)各覆盖处理产量、均价及上中等烟比例分别提高375,675,750,900 kg/hm~2,产值分别提高7703.2,13 252.5,13 978.5,17 386.5元/hm~2,均价分别提高1.68,2.37,2.24,2.77元/kg,上等烟比例分别提高6%,4.8%,10.2%,16.8%,上中等烟比例分别提高6.7,7.3,14.5,15.8%。(4)增施土壤改良剂使总糖、还原糖含量降低4.77,4.7%,各处理均使总氮含量分别增加0.14,0.02,0.23,0.42%,除增施土壤改良剂的处理外,其他各处理分别增加钾含量0.05%,0.09%,0.09%,烟叶化学成分更协调,其中,覆膜+全表面秸秆覆盖的处理具有最高的经济效益,是最优处理。
Aiming at the actual situation of drought in arid area of Yongjia County, Yongjiang County, Lijiang City, the author looks for the technical measures to combat drought in flue-cured tobacco. A randomized block design was adopted to study the effects of different coverings on the cloud cover 97 by covering with berm straw, covering with straw, covering with straw, Effects of Different Ways on Physiological Characteristics, Yield and Quality of Flue - cured Tobacco. The results showed that: (1) Covering treatment could promote the growth of tobacco plants. The growth period of each treatment field was 2,4,4 and 5 days earlier than that of CK respectively. (2) The plastic film had the effect of increasing temperature on the tobacco plants during the whole growth period, while the straw mulching reduced the soil temperature. Therefore, the accumulative temperature of mulching film + full surface straw mulch was 2.38-9.25 ℃ In addition to soil amendments, the soil moisture content of treatments increased by 2.44%, 2.99% and 4.58%, respectively. Covering measures promoted the chlorophyll biosynthesis of tobacco plants, and the pre-treatment effect was more obvious. (3) The yield, the average price and the proportion of upper middle-grade tobacco increased by 375,675,750 and 900 kg / hm2, respectively, and the output value increased by 7703.2, 13,225.5, 13,778.5 and 17,386.5 yuan / hm2, respectively, with the average price increased by 1.68 and 2.37 , 2.24 and 2.77 yuan / kg respectively. The proportion of superior tobacco increased by 6%, 4.8%, 10.2% and 16.8% respectively, and the proportion of middle and upper tobacco increased by 6.7, 7.3, 14.5 and 15.8% respectively. (4) Adding soil amendment improved the content of total sugar and reducing sugar by 4.77 and 4.7%, respectively, and the total nitrogen content increased by 0.14, 0.02, 0.23 and 0.42% respectively in all treatments. In addition to soil amendments, The contents of potassium increased by 0.05%, 0.09% and 0.09%, respectively, and the chemical components of tobacco leaf were more coordinated. The treatment with plastic film and full-surface straw mulching had the highest economic benefit and was the optimal treatment.