要阐释集体行为的形成,集体意向(collective intention)这一概念不可避免。塞尔认为集体意向是一种以“目标-方法”为其基本结构的特殊的个人意向。反对意见主要有两点:认为背景能力不能是一种生物本能,以及通过个体主义构筑集体意向会导致社会规范性的缺乏。本文认为塞尔的理论构架自身已经包含了对上述质疑的抵抗。 To explain the formation of collective behavior, the concept of collective intention is inevitable. Searle thinks that collective intention is a kind of special personal intention with “goal - method ” as its basic structure. There are two main objections: thinking that background ability can not be a biological instinct, and the lack of social normativeness that leads to the formation of collective intention through individualism. This paper argues that the theoretical framework of Sayel itself already contains the resistance to the above question.