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19世纪末20世纪初,美国迎来了史无前例的外来女性移民潮。其中,意大利女性移民数量一路狂飙,成为该时期美国外来女性移民中最主要的群体之一。究其原因,意大利国内的人口流动与迁移传统为女性大规模迁往美国奠定了文化基础,意大利融入世界经济体系过程中国内政治、经济的新变化成为最主要的驱动因素,其中在经济上主要表现为农业危机所带来的人口过剩和生存压力,政治上主要表现为意大利政府对于移民的政策支持。最后,随着美国工业革命的完成,世界资本主义经济体系的中心也逐渐向北美转移,由此创造了大量就业机会并吸引着该中心边缘地区的劳动力前往美国,美国作为“移民天堂”的吸引力因素则成为意大利女性移民的外部因素。从跨国主义视角进行分析,这些因素共同促成19世纪末20世纪初意大利女性大规模移民美国的历史现象。
In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the United States ushered in an unprecedented wave of immigrant women. Among them, the number of Italian women immigrants hurried all the way to become one of the most important groups of immigrant female immigrants in the United States during this period. The reason is that the domestic tradition of population migration and migration in Italy laid the cultural foundation for the large-scale movement of women to the United States. The new political and economic changes in the integration of Italy into the world economic system have become the main driving forces. Among them, the major economic drivers It is manifested by the overpopulation and living pressure caused by the agricultural crisis. The main political manifestation is the Italian government’s policy support for immigrants. Finally, with the completion of the industrial revolution in the United States, the center of the world capitalist economy gradually shifted to North America, creating a large number of employment opportunities and attracting the labor force in the margins of the center to the United States and the United States as “immigrants’ paradise” The attractiveness factor has become an external factor for female immigrants in Italy. From the perspective of transnationalism, these factors together contributed to the historical phenomenon of the mass immigration of Italian women to the United States in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.