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RhD抗原是表达在人类红细胞表面的血型抗原,其在免疫原性和临床上的应用仅次于ABO血型系统,相应的抗Rh(D)抗体在血型鉴定和预防新生儿溶血等方面均具有重要意义。传统的抗Rh(D)多克隆抗体来自健康人的血清,由于来源受限和血浆制品的安全问题,人们开始了抗Rh(D)的单克隆抗体和基因工程抗体的研究。国外研制的抗Rh(D)的单克隆抗体已成功用于血型鉴定,但到目前为止,还没有一个单克隆或者基因工程抗Rh(D)抗体作为多克隆抗Rh(D)抗体的替代品,在临床上用于预防Rh(D)免疫和新生儿溶血。本文对抗Rh(D)抗体制备的研究进展进行了综述。
RhD antigen is a type of blood group antigen expressed on the surface of human erythrocytes, which is second only to ABO blood group system in immunogenicity and clinical application. The corresponding anti-Rh (D) antibody is important in blood group identification and prevention of neonatal hemolysis significance. Traditional anti-Rh (D) polyclonal antibodies are derived from healthy human serum and research on anti-Rh (D) monoclonal and genetically engineered antibodies has been initiated due to limited sources and safety issues with plasma products. Anti-Rh (D) monoclonal antibodies developed abroad have been successfully used for blood group identification, but so far no single monoclonal or genetically engineered anti-Rh (D) antibody has been used as a surrogate for polyclonal anti-Rh (D) antibodies , Is used clinically to prevent Rh (D) immunity and neonatal hemolysis. This review summarizes the progress in the preparation of Rh (D) antibodies.