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目的为研究母婴麻疹抗体水平的关系及6月龄和8月龄儿童接种麻疹减毒活疫苗(MV)的血清学免疫效果。方法开展母婴配对及不同月龄婴儿MV免疫后麻疹抗体水平研究。2003~2005年在徐州市和盐城市,采集到174对母亲、出生婴儿和3月龄婴儿的配对齐全者血清,及97名6月龄、62名8月龄婴儿的免疫前、后的血清,用微量血凝抑制(HI)试验检测麻疹HI抗体。结果①母亲与出生婴儿、出生婴儿与3月龄婴儿、3月龄婴儿与6月龄婴儿抗体滴度之间均有相关性,随着母亲抗体水平变化,婴儿抗体水平相应变化。②婴儿母传麻疹抗体随着月龄增加而下降,到6月龄时大部分婴儿抗体已降到低滴度,达不到保护抗体水平;8月龄时抗体水平基本消失。③97名6月龄婴儿免疫前麻疹抗体阳性率为11.34%,免疫后为97.94%;HI抗体总几何平均滴度(GMT)为1∶24.22。62名8月龄婴儿免疫前麻疹抗体阳性率为1.61%,免疫后为100.00%;HI抗体总GMT为1∶54.12。两组婴儿免疫前HI抗体总GMT差异无显著的统计学意义(t=0.521,P>0.05);免疫后1个月的抗体GMT差异有非常显著的统计学意义(t=8.348,P<0.001)。结论婴儿在8月龄时的免疫效果要明显好于6月龄,但在必要时对6月龄婴儿实行初免以提高保护率,同时开展6月龄和8月龄婴儿免疫前麻疹中和抗体水平的研究,以探讨最佳初免月龄。
Objective To investigate the relationship between antibody levels of maternal and measles children and the serological immunity effect of measles live attenuated vaccine (MV) in children aged 6 and 8 months. Methods Maternal and child pairs and infant immunization with measles antibody levels were studied. From 2003 to 2005, in Xuzhou City and Yancheng City, 174 pairs of mothers, males with 3-month-olds and males with 3-month-olds, and 97 pre-immune and post-immunized sera of 6 months old and 62-month-old infants were collected , Measles HI antibody was detected with a microagglutination inhibition (HI) test. Results ① There was a correlation between titers of mothers and newborn babies, born babies and 3-month-old babies, 3-month-old babies and 6-month-old babies. With the change of maternal antibody level, the antibody level of babies changed accordingly. ② Infantile mother-to-child measles antibody decreased with age, most of the infant antibodies dropped to low titers at 6 months of age, failing to reach the level of protective antibodies; antibody levels disappeared at 8 months of age. The positive rate of measles antibody in pre-immunization of 97 6-month-old infants was 11.34% and 97.94% after immunization. The total geometric mean titer (GMT) of HI antibody was 1:24.22.62. The positive rate of measles antibody before immunization was 1.61% and 100.00% after immunization. The total GMT of HI antibody was 1:54.12. There was no significant difference in the total GMT of HI antibody between the two groups before immunization (t = 0.521, P> 0.05). The antibody GMT at 1 month after immunization was significantly different (t = 8.348, P <0.001) ). Conclusions Infants have significantly better immunization efficacy at 8 months of age than at 6 months of age but when necessary, 6-month-old infants undergo a priming attempt to improve their protection while pre-immunization of infants aged 6 months and 8 months Antibody levels were studied to investigate the optimal initial immunization month.