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本文系统地评论了关于高真空绝缘特性方面的最近的实验工作。给出了预击穿电导现象的大致情况;在小隙缝中,稳定的预击穿电流的出现是由于变相场致发射所引起的,而在较长的隙缝中,则电极表面的污染是引起离子交换过程(后者促使与这些隙缝有关的显微放电的产生)的原由。详细地考虑了影响真空隙缝击穿强度的参数和所提出的阐明击穿机理的各种假设。尚没有一种假设能说明所报导的全部实验结果,但是从一种机理过渡到另一种机理似乎是在极间隙缝增加时发生的。本文还考虑了在真空中通过固体绝缘表面击穿的某些重要的实际情况。
This article systematically reviews the recent experimental work on high vacuum insulation properties. The general situation of the pre-breakdown through-conduction is given. In the small gap, the stable pre-breakdown current is caused by the phase-induced field emission. In the longer gap, the surface of the electrode is contaminated The reason for the ion exchange process, the latter of which promotes the generation of micro-discharges associated with these slits. The parameters affecting the breakdown strength of the vacuum gap are considered in detail and various assumptions made to clarify the breakdown mechanism are taken into account. There is not yet a single hypothesis that accounts for the full range of experimental results reported, but the transition from one mechanism to another seems to occur with an increase in the pole gap. This article also considers some important facts about the breakdown through a solid insulating surface in a vacuum.