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以我国玉米育种的骨干亲本齐319和黄早四构建的230个F2:3家系群体为材料,通过条件分析结合QTL定位方法探讨了单株产量(GYPP)与单株粒数(KNPP)和百粒重(KWEI)的遗传关系。结果表明,百粒重比单株粒数和单株产量遗传力高,受环境影响小。相关分析表明,单株粒数和百粒重与单株产量均呈现显著正相关,单株粒数与单株产量的相关系数更高。单株产量非条件QTL分析共定位到5个遗传主效应QTL和5对上位性位点,其中4个是控制3个性状(单株产量、单株粒数和百粒重)的一因多效性位点,1个是控制2个性状(单株产量和单株粒数)的一因多效性位点,全部5对上位性位点都与单株粒数和百粒重有关。条件QTL分析还检测到14个QTL位点及10对上位性位点,这些位点在非条件QTL分析中未被检测到,其效应较小。因此,单株粒数和百粒重与单株产量密切相关,通过改良单株粒数和百粒重可有效提高产量;条件QTL分析方法在单个QTL水平上证实了单株产量与单株粒数、百粒重较强的遗传相关性,并且能够检测到更多效应较小的QTL;发掘的两个效应较大的一因多效位点可为玉米高产分子育种和进一步精细定位提供理论参考。
In this study, 230 F 2: 3 pedigree populations constructed from backbone parents Qi 319 and Huangzao 4 were used as material to investigate the relationship between yield per plant (GYPP) and grain number per plant (KNPP) Genetic relationship of KWEI. The results showed that the 100-grain weight was higher than the grain number per plant and heritability per plant, and was less affected by the environment. Correlation analysis showed that there was a significant positive correlation between grain weight per plant and grain weight per plant, and the correlation coefficient between grain number per plant and yield per plant was higher. Unconditional QTL analysis of yield per plant co-localized five major QTLs for genetic effect and five pairs of epistatic loci, of which four were one factor controlling the three traits (yield per plant, grain number per plant, and grain weight per plant) Effective sites, one is a multi-effect site that controls two traits (yield per plant and grain number per plant), and all five pairs of epistasis sites are related to grain number per plant and 100-grain weight. Conditional QTL analysis also detected 14 QTLs and 10 pairs of epistatic loci. These loci were not detected in unconditional QTL analysis, and their effects were small. Therefore, grain number per plant and grain weight per plant were closely related to the yield per plant, and the yield could be effectively increased by improving the number of grains per plant and 100-grain weight. The conditional QTL analysis demonstrated that the yield per plant and grain per plant The results showed that there were more QTLs with less effect on the number of kernels per 100 kernels and 100 kernels per 100 kernels. Two more genetically pleiotropic sites were found to provide theoretical basis for molecular breeding and further fine mapping of maize reference.