机敏材料是一种具有传感和执行的双重功能的功能材料，它无需外界的帮助，而本身就可以在电、磁、热、机械运动、光、声、化学、流变等等性能中的几项之间产生耦合行为，当机敏材料和具体结构形式结合在一起时便构成了机敏结构。本文重点介绍了比压电体更为一般化的线性电磁热弹性固体的一些基本理论，综述了压电体的材料力学分析以及压电体在机敏结构控制中的力学行为分析。最后则简略讨论了其它机敏材料中的力学分析。 Sensitive material is a functional material with dual functions of sensing and execution. It can be used in the fields of electricity, magnetism, heat, mechanical movement, light, sound, chemistry, rheology and so on without external help Coupling behavior occurs between several items, posing a smart structure when combined with smart materials and specific structural forms. In this paper, some basic theories of linear electromagnetism thermoelastic solid that are more general than piezoelectrics are introduced. The material mechanics analysis of piezoelectrics and the analysis of mechanical behavior of piezoelectrics in smart structure control are reviewed. Finally, the mechanical analysis in other smart materials is briefly discussed.