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目的分析2010-2014年梅州市疑似预防接种异常反应(AEFI)的发生特征,评价AEFI监测系统运转情况和疫苗的安全性。方法通过中国免疫规划信息管理系统收集AEFI个案数据,对相关指标进行描述性流行病学分析。结果全市累计报告AEFI个案334例,其中异常反应73例,涉及疫苗25种,报告发生率为3.50/10万(334/9 532 405),百白破(白破)疫苗异常反应发生率最高,占31.14%(104/334)。小于1岁接种疫苗后发生的AEFI占31.44%(105/334)。反应发生在接种后24 h内占87.43%(292/334)。一般反应占75.15%(251/334),其次为异常反应占21.86%(73/334)。临床诊断发热/红肿最多,占64.37%(215/334),其次为过敏性皮疹占13.77%(46/334)。结论梅州市AEFI监测敏感性较高、运转正常,使用的疫苗安全,预防接种服务质量良好,但异常反应报告率较全省AEFI报告率低,需进一步提高敏感度。建议加强对临床医生的相关知识培训,政府应进一步完善AEFI补偿机制。
Objective To analyze the characteristics of suspected AEFI in Meizhou City from 2010 to 2014 and evaluate the operation of AEFI monitoring system and the safety of the vaccine. Methods Data of AEFI cases were collected through China’s immunization program information management system and descriptive epidemiological analysis of related indicators was conducted. Results A total of 334 AEFI cases were reported in the city, of which 73 cases were abnormal and 25 cases were vaccinated. The reported incidence rate was 3.50 / 100000 (334/9 532 405) Accounting for 31.14% (104/334). AEFI occurred in 31.44% (105/334) of patients less than 1 year old after vaccination. The reaction occurred within 24 h after inoculation, accounting for 87.43% (292/334). The common reactions accounted for 75.15% (251/334), followed by abnormal reactions accounted for 21.86% (73/334). Clinical diagnosis of fever / redness up, accounting for 64.37% (215/334), followed by allergic rash accounted for 13.77% (46/334). Conclusion The AEFI surveillance in Meizhou has high sensitivity and normal operation. The safety and vaccination services are good. However, the reporting rate of abnormal reaction is lower than that of AEFI in the province and the sensitivity should be further improved. Proposed to strengthen the knowledge of clinicians training, the government should further improve the AEFI compensation mechanism.