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人的全面发展离不开其在生产关系中所处的分工地位。分工、私有制和异化劳动是密不可分的。马克思“消灭分工”理论中的“消灭分工”是指消灭非自愿的劳动分工,让劳动成为自主自觉的活动,而并非是要消灭分工的具体技术形式。这一目的只有在生产力高度发展的基础上才能实现,其具体途径是阶级对立日益尖锐而导致的无产阶级革命。《德意志意识形态》写作时期的马克思对“消灭分工”的某些判断和认识尚未达到其写作《资本论》时期的理论深度,仍存在一定局限性。回顾和重新认识这一理论对进一步探索实现人全面自由发展的新途径具有深刻的启发意义。
The all-round development of man can not be separated from its division of labor in the relations of production. Division of labor, private ownership and alienation of labor are inseparable. The “elimination of division of labor” in Marx’s theory of “elimination of division of labor” refers to the elimination of involuntary division of labor, making labor an autonomous activity rather than eliminating the specific technical form of division of labor. This objective can only be achieved on the basis of a highly developed productive forces, the concrete approach of which is the proletarian revolution that has become increasingly sharp due to the antagonism of classes. Some judgments and understandings of Marx’s “eradicating division of labor” during the writing period of “German Ideology” have not yet reached the theoretical depth of his “Capitalism” period of writing, and there are still some limitations. Reviewing and re-understanding this theory is of profound significance for further exploration of a new way to realize the all-round development of mankind.