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目的通过调查分析两起甲肝暴发的流行特征与原因,探讨防止学校疫情暴发的长效机制。方法对出现甲肝症状的患者全面开展流行病学个案调查并抽取血样,同时对学校内外环境进行卫生学调查、采样,运用流行病学方法对现场调查资料和实验室结果进行统计分析。结果两起疫情共发病217例,均是由于学校饮水污染而引起的甲肝暴发。结论各级学校尤其是农村学校只有健全防病机制,完善卫生设施,加强学生饮用水消毒、疫情监测与报告,加大健康教育力度,提高疫苗接种率,建立人群免疫屏障,才能降低学校传染病发病率,有效控制疫情扩散。
Objective To investigate the characteristics and causes of the two hepatitis A outbreaks by investigating and analyzing the long-term mechanism to prevent outbreaks in schools. Methods Patients with symptoms of hepatitis A were investigated by epidemiological cases and blood samples were collected. At the same time, hygiene survey and sampling were conducted on the internal and external environment of schools, and epidemiological methods were used to make statistical analysis on field survey data and laboratory results. Results Two outbreaks of 217 cases of both outbreaks, are due to school drinking water caused by hepatitis A outbreak. Conclusion Schools at all levels, especially in rural schools, can only reduce the number of school-based infectious diseases by improving the disease prevention mechanism, improving health facilities, strengthening students’ drinking water disinfection, monitoring and reporting of epidemics, strengthening health education, raising vaccination coverage and establishing a population immunization barrier Incidence, effective control of the spread of the epidemic.