直肠癌手术方法的选择主要根据肿瘤的位置不同而有所异,位于上段者作切除吻合已属公认;位于中段者应用直肠吻合器或其他方法保留肛门也逐渐被多数学者所采用,而目前对下段直肠癌大多数学者主张行腹会阴联合切除术,在腹部作永久性造瘘,近几年一些学者采用不同形式的拉下术及各种形式的吻合手术来避免腹部造瘘所造成的痛苦。 The choice of surgical methods for rectal cancer is mainly based on the location of the tumor, and it is generally accepted that resection and anastomosis are performed in the upper segment; the use of rectal staplers or other methods to retain the anus is also gradually adopted by most scholars in the middle segment. The majority of lower rectal cancer advocates abdominal abdominoperineal resection and permanent ostomy in the abdomen. In recent years, some scholars have used different forms of pull-down surgery and various forms of anastomosis to avoid the pain caused by abdominal fistula. .